What are the 4 types of protocol?

Could you kindly elaborate on the four distinct types of protocols? I'm curious to understand the nuances and unique characteristics of each type. Are they related to networking, communication, or perhaps something else entirely? Could you provide examples or scenarios where these protocols might be utilized? Additionally, I'm interested in knowing the advantages and disadvantages of each type, as well as any potential challenges or limitations associated with them. Your insights would be greatly appreciated.