What colors can dogs see?

Could you elaborate on the visual perception capabilities of dogs, specifically in regards to their color vision? I've heard rumors that dogs don't see the same range of colors as humans, but I'm curious to know exactly what colors they can discern. Do they see primarily in black and white, or is there a limited spectrum of hues that they're able to distinguish? Could you explain the science behind this, and perhaps provide some insight into how their visual acuity differs from ours? I'm fascinated by this topic and would appreciate any clarity you could offer.